Acidic properties - Reaction with metals :
http://www.gcsescience.com/r4-metal-reaction-with-acid.htm
Writing chemical formulae :
1)http://www.ausetute.com.au/wriiform.html
2)http://www.ausetute.com.au/namiform.html
Naming chemical formulae :
http://www.ausetute.com.au/namiform.html
Polyatomic ions :
http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/compounds/polyatomic.shtml
Inorganic nomenclature :
1) http://library.thinkquest.org/10429/high/nomen/nomenbody.htm
2)http://www.rose.edu/faculty/vhall/Nomenclature/inorganic_nomenclature.htm
Friday, January 29, 2010
Catalytic reactions
The followings are all catalytic reactions in the Chemistry syllabus :
1- To make H2 gas in a small amount in the laboratory :
Zn + H2SO4 => ZnSO4 + H2, catalysts = Copper(II) sulphate, CuSO4
2- Haber process = Manufacture ammonia, NH3 :
N2 + 3H2 => 2NH3, catalyst = Iron, Fe
3- Contact process = Manufacture sulphuric acid, H2SO4 :
SO2 + O2 => SO3, catalyst = Vanadium(V) oxide, V2O5
4- Ostwald process = Manufacture nitric acid, HNO3 :
4NH3 + 5O2 => 4NO + 6H2O, catalyst = Platinum, Pt
5- Decomposition of hydogen peroxide :
2H2O2 => 2H2O + O2, catalyst = Manganese(IV) oxide, MnO2
Catalytic reactions of carbon compounds :
6- Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes :
C2H4 + H2 => C2H6, catalyst = Nickel, Ni or Pt
7- Hydration of alkenes :
C2H4 + H2O => C2H5OH, catalyst = Phosphoric(V) acid, H3PO4
8- Fermentation = To produce ethanol :
C6H12O6 => 2C2H5OH + 2CO2, catalysts = Zymase from yeast
(Glucose)
9- Dehydration of ethanol :
C2H5OH => C2H4 + H2O
Catalyst = Unglazed porcelian chips, porous pot, pumice stone or Al2O3
10- Esterification reaction = To make esters :
Carboxylic acid + alcohol => ester, catalysts = Concentrated H2SO4
11- Conversion of unsaturated fats into saturated fats = Catalytic hydrogenation, catalyst = Ni
1- To make H2 gas in a small amount in the laboratory :
Zn + H2SO4 => ZnSO4 + H2, catalysts = Copper(II) sulphate, CuSO4
2- Haber process = Manufacture ammonia, NH3 :
N2 + 3H2 => 2NH3, catalyst = Iron, Fe
3- Contact process = Manufacture sulphuric acid, H2SO4 :
SO2 + O2 => SO3, catalyst = Vanadium(V) oxide, V2O5
4- Ostwald process = Manufacture nitric acid, HNO3 :
4NH3 + 5O2 => 4NO + 6H2O, catalyst = Platinum, Pt
5- Decomposition of hydogen peroxide :
2H2O2 => 2H2O + O2, catalyst = Manganese(IV) oxide, MnO2
Catalytic reactions of carbon compounds :
6- Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes :
C2H4 + H2 => C2H6, catalyst = Nickel, Ni or Pt
7- Hydration of alkenes :
C2H4 + H2O => C2H5OH, catalyst = Phosphoric(V) acid, H3PO4
8- Fermentation = To produce ethanol :
C6H12O6 => 2C2H5OH + 2CO2, catalysts = Zymase from yeast
(Glucose)
9- Dehydration of ethanol :
C2H5OH => C2H4 + H2O
Catalyst = Unglazed porcelian chips, porous pot, pumice stone or Al2O3
10- Esterification reaction = To make esters :
Carboxylic acid + alcohol => ester, catalysts = Concentrated H2SO4
11- Conversion of unsaturated fats into saturated fats = Catalytic hydrogenation, catalyst = Ni
Monday, January 4, 2010
F4 Chapter 1 : Introduction to chemistry
With your partner, you must collect information about chemistry. Below, I've listed down the related subtopics together with some useful links to websites for your guidance. You can browse the suggested links (to save time) or search the subtopics in your preferable search engine, and use any suitable and relevant information to prepare a six-page summary of your research.
In your summary, you must include the followings :
1) The meaning of chemistry / What is chemistry (and why is it important).
2) Choose one common chemical and briefly describe about it and its uses.
3) Choose one chemistry related career and give a brief description about it. You may add any useful information such as the advantages or educational requirements for the occupation.
4) Share your point of view about chemical-based industries in Malaysia and their contributions to the nation.
5) Present and describe scientific method in an interesting and easy to understand diagram or chart.
6) Rationalize the significance of scientific attitudes of chemists or scientists in conducting scientific investigations.
Click links below for extra infromation of the following subtopics :
1) The meaning of chemistry
>> http://chemweb.ucc.ie/what_is_chemistry.htm
>> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry
>> http://chemistry.about.com/od/generalchemistry/General_Introductory_Chemistry.htm
>> http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistry101/a/basics.htm
2) Common chemicals and their uses
>> www.chymist.com/Common%20chemicals.pdf
>> http://www.drugs.com/
>> http://www.answers.com/
3)Chemistry related careers
>> http://chemistry.about.com/cs/5/f/blcareers.htm
>> http://www.ehow.com/about_4607263_jobs-related-chemistry.html
>> http://www.ehow.com/facts_5029863_jobs-relate-chemistry.html
>> http://www.ehow.com/about_5286598_job-forensic-chemist.html
>> More links : Chemistry related careers.docx
4) Chemical-based industries and their contributions
>> http://www.mida.gov.my/en_v2/index.php?page=petrochemical
5) Scientific methods
>> http://chemistry.about.com/od/lecturenotesl3/a/sciencemethod.htm
>> http://physics.about.com/od/toolsofthetrade/a/scimethod.htm
>> http://www.sciencebuddies.org/mentoring/project_scientific_method.shtml
>> http://kbagdanov.wordpress.com/2009/04/22/using_the_scientific_method_to_do_science_fair_projects/
>> Some nice charts : Charts of Scientific method.docx
6) Scientific attitudes
>> http://hubpages.com/hub/Scientific-Attitudes-that-are-Qualities-of-Scientists
>> http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_%20scientific_attitude_and_what_attitudes_and_characteristics_define_a_good_scientist
In your summary, you must include the followings :
1) The meaning of chemistry / What is chemistry (and why is it important).
2) Choose one common chemical and briefly describe about it and its uses.
3) Choose one chemistry related career and give a brief description about it. You may add any useful information such as the advantages or educational requirements for the occupation.
4) Share your point of view about chemical-based industries in Malaysia and their contributions to the nation.
5) Present and describe scientific method in an interesting and easy to understand diagram or chart.
6) Rationalize the significance of scientific attitudes of chemists or scientists in conducting scientific investigations.
Click links below for extra infromation of the following subtopics :
1) The meaning of chemistry
>> http://chemweb.ucc.ie/what_is_chemistry.htm
>> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry
>> http://chemistry.about.com/od/generalchemistry/General_Introductory_Chemistry.htm
>> http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistry101/a/basics.htm
2) Common chemicals and their uses
>> www.chymist.com/Common%20chemicals.pdf
>> http://www.drugs.com/
>> http://www.answers.com/
3)Chemistry related careers
>> http://chemistry.about.com/cs/5/f/blcareers.htm
>> http://www.ehow.com/about_4607263_jobs-related-chemistry.html
>> http://www.ehow.com/facts_5029863_jobs-relate-chemistry.html
>> http://www.ehow.com/about_5286598_job-forensic-chemist.html
>> More links : Chemistry related careers.docx
4) Chemical-based industries and their contributions
>> http://www.mida.gov.my/en_v2/index.php?page=petrochemical
5) Scientific methods
>> http://chemistry.about.com/od/lecturenotesl3/a/sciencemethod.htm
>> http://physics.about.com/od/toolsofthetrade/a/scimethod.htm
>> http://www.sciencebuddies.org/mentoring/project_scientific_method.shtml
>> http://kbagdanov.wordpress.com/2009/04/22/using_the_scientific_method_to_do_science_fair_projects/
>> Some nice charts : Charts of Scientific method.docx
6) Scientific attitudes
>> http://hubpages.com/hub/Scientific-Attitudes-that-are-Qualities-of-Scientists
>> http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_%20scientific_attitude_and_what_attitudes_and_characteristics_define_a_good_scientist
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